影評：被監禁的女人 | Film Review: A Woman Captured
《被監禁的女人》
─ 從揭發到介入，激起紀錄片的潛在力量。
匈牙利導演貝納黛特里特(Bernadett Tuza-Ritter)的紀錄片《被監禁的女人》為她的第二部長片執導作品，這部入圍今年歐洲電影獎最佳紀錄片的電影，揭露了當地幫傭瑪莉許長期被雇主壓榨、剝削的故事，里特同時身為觀察者與創作者，以最直接的角度帶領觀眾聆聽這位蒼老的女士，訴說那些不為人知的悲傷血淚。
觀賞《被監禁的女人》的過程令人感到奇特，首先里特被瑪莉許雇主授權進屋拍攝的情形似乎不太合理，但我們隨後也得知到里特的這些拍攝權力，都是由金錢換來了。從這看到本片無論鏡前鏡後、導演、幫傭與雇主之間，都存在著金錢主導的關係，同時這位雇主雖沒露臉，但她的斂財性格也因此被我們看的一覽無遺，里特找到了一個創作者兼參與者的合適位置，且就是因為這種夾在中間的關係，電影才擁有能捕捉兩邊說法的「特權」，這讓觀眾更容易體會到瑪莉許經歷的威脅感。
雇主收錢讓里特來揭發自己惡行的行為，在外人眼中實在矛盾，但當我們看到她毫不顧忌的在鏡頭前講著自己虛假的友善，以及警察不受理這種案件的事實時，這種「不合理的常態」讓觀眾明白匈牙利社會對此種人權侵害的不重視，最終，里特的這部紀錄片不只表現了單一雇主關係之間的問題，它講了更大的社會問題。
《被監禁的女人》時時被緊張氛圍包覆，這一方面是雇主給予瑪莉許的脅迫感，另一方面，則是這部電影本身帶有的重大使命感。本片的成功，不僅是因為這樣的題材重要，且具有社會影響力，對觀眾而言更直接的，是瑪莉許和攝影機的關係。鏡頭和里特，彷彿是她這些痛苦的唯一出口，因此，我們接收到的情緒必定脫不開私人的沉重與絕望感。但電影最後三分之一，簡直是種觀眾的解脫，里特不僅做到捕捉與敘述，她的角色已超越單純的觀察者，鏡頭前後的兩人搭起了感情和信任，而這也不僅是她倆的事情，觀眾也是重要的一環，畢竟里特之所以鼓勵、幫助瑪莉許逃跑，是因為「拍出電影」本身的推力。當我們看到瑪莉許說出「我只信任妳一個人了」和最後兩人擁抱的畫面後，這段親密的感情已被觀眾見證，在瑪莉許成為逃走後，臉上的真實情緒不會騙人。
《被監禁的女人》讓觀眾看到電影的力量，攝影機的功能除了記錄以外，這些影片的影響力，更成為創作者最大的拍攝動力，它使里特與瑪莉許走了很長的一段路，這路途不單單成就了本片的藝術性，也使兩人的腳印為這世界發出了重要的聲音，就此我們看到了電影在二十一世紀的重要，就像瑪莉許在片中說的「就算妳只放映一次，我也要讓世人知道，這樣對待他人是不對的」。
A Woman Captured
─ Unveil and Intervene to Inspire the Potential of Documentaries.
"A Woman Captured" is Hungarian filmmaker Bernadett Tuza-Ritter's second full-length documentary. The film was nominated by the European Film Awards for Best Documentary. This documentary unveils a local maid -"Marish" who has been oppressed and exploited by her employer for many years. Ritter was both an observer and a filmmaker, and used the most straightforward perspective to lead viewers to listen to this hoary woman describe her hidden pain and plight.
It is definitely a peculiar experience to watch "A Woman Captured" At first, it seems unreasonable for Marish's employer to allow Ritter to film inside the house. But we later discovered that Ritter paid cash in exchange for authorization to film. Throughout the film, either behind or in front of the scenes, money led the relationship between the filmmaker, the maid, and the employer. Although the employer's face is never shown in the film, the employer's greedy desire to make money is crystal clear. Ritter found a suitable position as both creator and participant. This gives her the "privilege" to capture the stories from both sides and enables the viewers to more easily comprehend the perils experienced by Marish.
The employer accepted money and allowed Ritter to expose the cruelties. This may appear contradictory in the eyes of outsiders. However, when we see the employer openly talk about the insincere kindness and how the police do not deal with such issues in front of the camera, these "unreasonable norms" allow viewers to realize that Hungarian society does not pay much attention to similar human rights violations. In the end, Ritter's documentary not only portrays an individual employer/employee issue, it also describes a much larger social problem as well.
"A Woman Captured" immerses viewers into tension caused by the employer's threats against Marish. On the other hand, the film itself also has a strong mission. The success of this film lies not only in the importance of the topic, but also on the social impacts as well. Marish's relationship with the camera is what brings such impacts directly to viewers. The camera and Ritter seem to be Marish's only hope of escape from misery. Thus, the emotions felt by the viewers no doubt involve intimate burdens and despair. Viewers are relieved of the tension during the final third of the film. Ritter not only captures and narrates, her role also exceeds that of a pure observer. The people behind and in front of the camera have established friendship and trust. The matter no longer just evolves between the two, and the viewers also play an important role because the "making of the film" is what drove Ritter to encourage and assist Marish to escape. When Marish said, "You are the only one I trust" and the two embraced each other at the end - viewers can witness the intimacy of this relationship. After Marish's escape, her facial emotions can only be described as authentic.
"A Woman Captured" allows viewers to see the power of movies. The camera does more than just record, and the impacts of this film have become the biggest film-making motivation for the creator. They motivated Ritter and Marish to go on a long journey that not only reveals the artistry of this film, but their footsteps have also presented an important voice to the world as well. Through this film, we can see the significance of movies in the 21st century. Like Marish said in the film, "Even if you just show this film once, I want the world to know that no one deserves to be treated like this."
作者簡介|
山卓
生於兩千世代(也是電視、DVD的時代)，多年的影迷，相信自己被電影藝術教育，時常因追院線或影展台北花蓮兩地跑，現階段幾乎只有觀影和寫作可以完全發揮到專注力，平常除了每天看片以外，也會在臉書專頁寫電影評論，對於這種思考的鍛鍊感到有所收穫。自在的一位師長。
About the author|
Sandra
Born after the year 2000 (also known as the TV and DVD generation) and a big move fan for years, Sandra believes that she has been educated by film artistry. She often travels back and forth between Taipei and Hualien just to catch the latest movies or film festivals. At present, it appears that only film reviews and writing can fully capture her focus. Apart from reviewing films every day, she also writes film reviews on her Facebook page. She receives a great sense of accomplishment from such critical thinking and training opportunities.